- This paper explores pedagogy, andragogy and heutagogy and talks about the foundational learning theories and how it relates to the three. - One of the main components of cognitivist theories was the emphasis of learning styles whether they followed the VARK (visual, auditory, reading, kinesthetics) or the Kolb model (accommodators, convergers, divergers, assimilators) or the Gardner model of multiple intelligences (logical, linguistic, musical, spatial, kinesthetics, interpersonal, intrapersonal). They aimed to understand why learners learn they way they do. - Constructivists like Piaget, Vygotsky focused on learners adapting to their experiences by assimilation and accommodation. Students were not vessels but to fill with knowledge but rather constructed their own knowledge by connecting to their experiences. - Montessori's constructivist theories focused on three concepts - Student choice - Working with curriculum rather than instruction - Interrupted blocks of learning time - Behaviourism follows the reward and punishment model to determine behaviour. In education using good grades and scolding are examples of this theory. - Freire's in Pedagogy of the Oppressed talks about how education is mediated by the world and that we must liberate students to learn for themselves rather than indoctrinate students to facts and concepts. - Andragogy (Knowles 1970) made five assumptions when developing his theory of andragogy: - Adults are self directed learners - Adults bring a great deal of experience into the classroom - Adults who seek education are ready to learn - Adults are internally motivated - Adults want problem based learning - Andragogy develops on constructivist theories and also leans on Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Knowles outlined a seven step process for andragogy - Develop cooperative learning environment - Involve learner in the setting of goals - Diagnose learner needs and interests - Help learner formulate objectives based on his/her interests and needs - Design sequential learning experiences to meet these objectives - Meet objectives with materials and resources - Evaluate the quality of learning and impact on future learning - Knowles later also corrected himself and noted how pedagogy and andragogy could work across all age groups. Merriam (2001) took it one step further and said that learners no matter the age should be involved in their learning process. - Heutagogy is congruent with transformative education since it requires learners to reflect on the learning process. - A heutagogical design contains the following elements (Blaschke, 2012) - Learning contracts - Flexible curriculum - Learner-directed questions - Flexible and negotiated assessment --- Halupa, Colleen M. "Pedagogy, andragogy, and heutagogy." _Transformative curriculum design in health sciences education_. IGI Global, 2015. 143-158. - [Link](https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/69381820/ed3e4f58ee47d40ed86d582ce5e46760ad43-libre.pdf?1631373089=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DPedagogy_Andragogy_and_Heutagogy.pdf&Expires=1714729759&Signature=MjMcMsxDdAnSlxpNGg8A9ZvqRajObATnHJepn-odf86w6tW6~lLhPqeXNVyDH3ydhZ8aYcH5Jv3-VsNghqfTAgrKSm-4qu5trb1dr4KHjt6qb8vKYLFFMzH6fO3ko-JoUx8ubZYF7gzp8SC2bMTN1U~kdlW6-ztRHOMHgiQszqAoB-TO9SWAqOb954IvAOautZOCrOvm1FrKGQwJ5Pzoui3QH~8kWyX7n~PetFhp7x4z-6m9-im0lhdGoA-auIqERJH2edrUWjV5i7wQCzYKb8tTkXmTTQNPW5widhA-6qd7ct-bN6hRfvCYL~wlYtg5OctYSy8569bOa3nNJ3T97A__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA)