- The gap between the rich and poor is growing a lot faster because of inequitable access to technology. - The 21st century skills - Creativity and innovation - Critical thinking - Problem solving - Communication - Collaboration - Information literacy - Media literacy - ICT literacy - Flexibility and adaptability - Initiative and self-direction - Social and intercultural skills - Productivity and accountability - Leadership and responsibility - Four dimensions of learning model - Knowledge dimension - Skills dimension - Character dimension - Meta learning dimension - Providing access to information and knowledge is useful but training should also be provided to know how to search, select, store and share that information. - Maker spaces help with quite a few of the above skills and promote innovation to people of all age groups. It's essential for governments or schools to make available such spaces. - This paper conducted a literature review to identify what the papers on 21st century skills all typically emphasised. - The most commonly mentioned teaching strategies were research based strategies including project based learning and evidence based educational innovation. This was followed by reflection strategies to encourage self awareness. Notably lacking were strategies that foster collaboration. - In all the studies the emphasis has been on skills and knowledge dimensions and less so on character and meta learning dimensions. The papers also consider the most important stakeholder to be students and not schools or teachers. - Interestingly, very few papers talked about infrastructure and information technologies. - To guide good practices institutions can build a repository of information for teachers with methodological guides on teaching-learning strategies and the technologies to be applied. ----- González-Pérez, Laura Icela, and María Soledad Ramírez-Montoya. "Components of Education 4.0 in 21st century skills frameworks: systematic review." _Sustainability_ 14.3 (2022): 1493. - [Link](https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/3/1493/pdf)